Total joint replacement (TJR) is sometimes necessary or recommended if a personal or work-related injury has severely damaged all of the primary components that hold a joint together and allow it to function normally.
But it’s more likely that damage to a joint will occur gradually over time, as what may happen due to repeated stress and strain. TJR refers to the complete replacement of the essential parts of a joint with artificially created substitutes. Hip and knee replacements are among the most common types of TJR procedures performed.
However, replacement surgery can be performed on shoulders, elbows, and other joints that are susceptible to damage or injury.
When Is Total Joint Replacement Discussed?
Sudden, traumatic injuries, progressive conditions like arthritis that are worsened by certain repetitive work-related tasks, and severe fractures are some of the possible reasons why total joint replacement may become necessary. But before TJR is discussed, joint-related problems are usually addressed with medication, various forms of physical therapy, and changes to daily routines and habits. TJR generally becomes part of the discussion under the following conditions:
- Non-surgical treatments aren’t improving quality of life
- The joint’s main components are severely damaged and not repairable
- Efforts to make the affected joint stable again have failed
How Do You Prepare for TJR?
Prior to total joint replacement surgery, several tests and examinations are typically performed. A diagnostic arthroscopy may be done to investigate the affected joint to determine how widespread the damage is. Blood tests and pre-surgery tests such as a cardiogram to confirm a patient’s ability to undergo surgery are also likely to be performed prior to a TJR. Preparing for total joint replacement surgery can also involve:
- Making appropriate diet and exercise adjustments
- Arranging for assistance at home during recovery
- Obtaining assistive items
How Is Total Joint Replacement Performed?
TJR surgery performed today often involves minimally invasive procedures or techniques. The first step with type of TJR procedure is to remove the damaged cartilage and bone. If necessary, repairs may be made to nearby structures to ensure that the artificial joint can be sufficiently supported. Prosthetic components, which are usually made of a combination of metal, plastic, and ceramic materials, are then inserted to replace the removed parts.
These artificial components are designed to mimic the look and function of their comparable parts. With a replaced shoulder joint, for example, the damaged humeral head (the “ball” part of the joint) is replaced with a metal ball. A new smooth plastic is then created for the glenoid (the “socket”). It normally takes a few hours to complete total joint replacement surgery.
Results from any type of total joint replacement will vary based on patient-specific factors and how actively you participate in physical therapy and rehabilitation efforts. Many people who respond well to TJR are able to perform daily personal and work-related activities in a way that’s more comfortable with less painful while also experiencing improvements with range of motion and flexibility. It’s also important to be mindful of your diet and exercise habits, watch your posture, and pay attention to form and technique when participating in various activities post-recovery.